Active Directory, alongside its core component Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS), functions as a centralized database within Windows network environments, storing and organizing crucial information about network resources.
This includes user accounts, computer systems, groups, and various network devices.
AD serves as a fundamental platform for managing resources and providing authentication and authorization capabilities within Windows domains.
Running on domain controllers (DCs), AD DS plays a pivotal role in controlling access to network resources by authenticating users and authorizing their actions.
All essential data, such as user accounts and permissions, is stored in the NTDS.dit file, representing the core of Active Directory's functionality.
Despite its long history dating back to Windows Server 2000, Active Directory has encountered security challenges, especially regarding its default security posture.
While it offers backward compatibility, criticisms have emerged about its lack of being "secure by default."
Misconfigurations within AD settings can potentially lead to unauthorized access and overall network vulnerability.
Essentially, AD functions as an extensive, accessible database for all domain users but requires careful configuration and management to ensure robust security measures are in place.
Summary:
- Active Directory is a comprehensive database for Windows networks, organizing user accounts, computers, and permissions centrally.
- While it simplifies resource management, its security requires careful configuration to prevent unauthorized access.